We already saw the truth tables. These apply to bit values. OR Truth table a b| a OR b ------------- 0 0| 0 0 1| 1 1 0| 1 1 1| 1 XOR Truth table a b| a XOR b ------------- 0 0| 0 0 1| 1 1 0| 1 1 1| 0 AND Truth table a b| a AND b ------------ 0 0| 0 0 1| 0 1 0| 0 1 1| 1 NOT Truth table c| NOT(c) ------- 0| 1 1| 0 How do we apply these to binary values? For all of these operations, do a bit operation (refer to the truth tables) on each column. For each bit of the result, you only need the values in the column. Here are examples. 00110101 AND 11101100 ------------ 00100100 00110101 OR 11101100 ------------ 11111101 00110101 XOR 11101100 ------------ 11011001 NOT only has one operand. NOT 00110101 ------------ 11001010